//
// Copyright (c) 2006 Georgia Tech Research Corporation
//
// This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
// published by the Free Software Foundation;
//
// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
// GNU General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
// along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
// Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
//
// Author: George F. Riley<riley@ece.gatech.edu>
//

#ifndef IPV4_L3_PROTOCOL_H
#define IPV4_L3_PROTOCOL_H

#include "ns3/ipv4-address.h"
#include "ns3/ipv4-header.h"
#include "ns3/ipv4-routing-protocol.h"
#include "ns3/ipv4.h"
#include "ns3/net-device.h"
#include "ns3/nstime.h"
#include "ns3/ptr.h"
#include "ns3/simulator.h"
#include "ns3/traced-callback.h"

#include <list>
#include <map>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <vector>

class Ipv4L3ProtocolTestCase;

namespace ns3
{

class Packet;
class NetDevice;
class Ipv4Interface;
class Ipv4Address;
class Ipv4Header;
class Ipv4RoutingTableEntry;
class Ipv4Route;
class Node;
class Socket;
class Ipv4RawSocketImpl;
class IpL4Protocol;
class Icmpv4L4Protocol;

/**
 * \ingroup ipv4
 *
 * \brief Implement the IPv4 layer.
 *
 * This is the actual implementation of IP.  It contains APIs to send and
 * receive packets at the IP layer, as well as APIs for IP routing.
 *
 * This class contains two distinct groups of trace sources.  The
 * trace sources 'Rx' and 'Tx' are called, respectively, immediately
 * after receiving from the NetDevice and immediately before sending
 * to a NetDevice for transmitting a packet.  These are low level
 * trace sources that include the Ipv4Header already serialized into
 * the packet.  In contrast, the Drop, SendOutgoing, UnicastForward,
 * and LocalDeliver trace sources are slightly higher-level and pass
 * around the Ipv4Header as an explicit parameter and not as part of
 * the packet.
 *
 * IP fragmentation and reassembly is handled at this level.
 * At the moment the fragmentation does not handle IP option headers,
 * and in particular the ones that shall not be fragmented.
 * Moreover, the actual implementation does not mimic exactly the Linux
 * kernel. Hence it is not possible, for instance, to test a fragmentation
 * attack.
 */
class Ipv4L3Protocol : public Ipv4
{
  public:
    /**
     * \brief Get the type ID.
     * \return the object TypeId
     */
    static TypeId GetTypeId();
    static const uint16_t PROT_NUMBER; //!< Protocol number (0x0800)

    Ipv4L3Protocol();
    ~Ipv4L3Protocol() override;

    // Delete copy constructor and assignment operator to avoid misuse
    Ipv4L3Protocol(const Ipv4L3Protocol&) = delete;
    Ipv4L3Protocol& operator=(const Ipv4L3Protocol&) = delete;

    /**
     * \enum DropReason
     * \brief Reason why a packet has been dropped.
     */
    enum DropReason
    {
        DROP_TTL_EXPIRED = 1,  /**< Packet TTL has expired */
        DROP_NO_ROUTE,         /**< No route to host */
        DROP_BAD_CHECKSUM,     /**< Bad checksum */
        DROP_INTERFACE_DOWN,   /**< Interface is down so can not send packet */
        DROP_ROUTE_ERROR,      /**< Route error */
        DROP_FRAGMENT_TIMEOUT, /**< Fragment timeout exceeded */
        DROP_DUPLICATE         /**< Duplicate packet received */
    };

    /**
     * \brief Set node associated with this stack.
     * \param node node to set
     */
    void SetNode(Ptr<Node> node);

    // functions defined in base class Ipv4

    void SetRoutingProtocol(Ptr<Ipv4RoutingProtocol> routingProtocol) override;
    Ptr<Ipv4RoutingProtocol> GetRoutingProtocol() const override;

    Ptr<Socket> CreateRawSocket() override;
    void DeleteRawSocket(Ptr<Socket> socket) override;

    void Insert(Ptr<IpL4Protocol> protocol) override;
    void Insert(Ptr<IpL4Protocol> protocol, uint32_t interfaceIndex) override;

    void Remove(Ptr<IpL4Protocol> protocol) override;
    void Remove(Ptr<IpL4Protocol> protocol, uint32_t interfaceIndex) override;

    Ptr<IpL4Protocol> GetProtocol(int protocolNumber) const override;
    Ptr<IpL4Protocol> GetProtocol(int protocolNumber, int32_t interfaceIndex) const override;

    Ipv4Address SourceAddressSelection(uint32_t interface, Ipv4Address dest) override;

    /**
     * \param ttl default ttl to use
     *
     * When we need to send an ipv4 packet, we use this default
     * ttl value.
     */
    void SetDefaultTtl(uint8_t ttl);

    /**
     * Lower layer calls this method after calling L3Demux::Lookup
     * The ARP subclass needs to know from which NetDevice this
     * packet is coming to:
     *    - implement a per-NetDevice ARP cache
     *    - send back arp replies on the right device
     * \param device network device
     * \param p the packet
     * \param protocol protocol value
     * \param from address of the correspondent
     * \param to address of the destination
     * \param packetType type of the packet
     */
    void Receive(Ptr<NetDevice> device,
                 Ptr<const Packet> p,
                 uint16_t protocol,
                 const Address& from,
                 const Address& to,
                 NetDevice::PacketType packetType);

    /**
     * \param packet packet to send
     * \param source source address of packet
     * \param destination address of packet
     * \param protocol number of packet
     * \param route route entry
     *
     * Higher-level layers call this method to send a packet
     * down the stack to the MAC and PHY layers.
     */
    void Send(Ptr<Packet> packet,
              Ipv4Address source,
              Ipv4Address destination,
              uint8_t protocol,
              Ptr<Ipv4Route> route) override;
    /**
     * \param packet packet to send
     * \param ipHeader IP Header
     * \param route route entry
     *
     * Higher-level layers call this method to send a packet with IPv4 Header
     * (Intend to be used with IpHeaderInclude attribute.)
     */
    void SendWithHeader(Ptr<Packet> packet, Ipv4Header ipHeader, Ptr<Ipv4Route> route) override;

    uint32_t AddInterface(Ptr<NetDevice> device) override;
    /**
     * \brief Get an interface.
     * \param i interface index
     * \return IPv4 interface pointer
     */
    Ptr<Ipv4Interface> GetInterface(uint32_t i) const;
    uint32_t GetNInterfaces() const override;

    int32_t GetInterfaceForAddress(Ipv4Address addr) const override;
    int32_t GetInterfaceForPrefix(Ipv4Address addr, Ipv4Mask mask) const override;
    int32_t GetInterfaceForDevice(Ptr<const NetDevice> device) const override;
    bool IsDestinationAddress(Ipv4Address address, uint32_t iif) const override;

    bool AddAddress(uint32_t i, Ipv4InterfaceAddress address) override;
    Ipv4InterfaceAddress GetAddress(uint32_t interfaceIndex, uint32_t addressIndex) const override;
    uint32_t GetNAddresses(uint32_t interface) const override;
    bool RemoveAddress(uint32_t interfaceIndex, uint32_t addressIndex) override;
    bool RemoveAddress(uint32_t interface, Ipv4Address address) override;
    Ipv4Address SelectSourceAddress(Ptr<const NetDevice> device,
                                    Ipv4Address dst,
                                    Ipv4InterfaceAddress::InterfaceAddressScope_e scope) override;

    void SetMetric(uint32_t i, uint16_t metric) override;
    uint16_t GetMetric(uint32_t i) const override;
    uint16_t GetMtu(uint32_t i) const override;
    bool IsUp(uint32_t i) const override;
    void SetUp(uint32_t i) override;
    void SetDown(uint32_t i) override;
    bool IsForwarding(uint32_t i) const override;
    void SetForwarding(uint32_t i, bool val) override;

    Ptr<NetDevice> GetNetDevice(uint32_t i) override;

    /**
     * \brief Check if an IPv4 address is unicast according to the node.
     *
     * This function checks all the node's interfaces and the respective subnet masks.
     * An address is considered unicast if it's not broadcast, subnet-broadcast or multicast.
     *
     * \param ad address
     *
     * \return true if the address is unicast
     */
    bool IsUnicast(Ipv4Address ad) const;

    /**
     * TracedCallback signature for packet send, forward, or local deliver events.
     *
     * \param [in] header the Ipv4Header
     * \param [in] packet the packet
     * \param [in] interface IP-level interface number
     */
    typedef void (*SentTracedCallback)(const Ipv4Header& header,
                                       Ptr<const Packet> packet,
                                       uint32_t interface);

    /**
     * TracedCallback signature for packet transmission or reception events.
     *
     * \param [in] packet the packet.
     * \param [in] ipv4 the Ipv4 protocol
     * \param [in] interface IP-level interface number
     * \deprecated The non-const \c Ptr<Ipv4> argument is deprecated
     * and will be changed to \c Ptr<const Ipv4> in a future release.
     */
    typedef void (*TxRxTracedCallback)(Ptr<const Packet> packet,
                                       Ptr<Ipv4> ipv4,
                                       uint32_t interface);

    /**
     * TracedCallback signature for packet drop events.
     *
     * \param [in] header the Ipv4Header.
     * \param [in] packet the packet.
     * \param [in] reason the reason the packet was dropped.
     * \param [in] ipv4 the Ipv4 protocol
     * \param [in] interface IP-level interface number
     * \deprecated The non-const \c Ptr<Ipv4> argument is deprecated
     * and will be changed to \c Ptr<const Ipv4> in a future release.
     */
    typedef void (*DropTracedCallback)(const Ipv4Header& header,
                                       Ptr<const Packet> packet,
                                       DropReason reason,
                                       Ptr<Ipv4> ipv4,
                                       uint32_t interface);

  protected:
    void DoDispose() override;
    /**
     * This function will notify other components connected to the node that a new stack member is
     * now connected This will be used to notify Layer 3 protocol of layer 4 protocol stack to
     * connect them together.
     */
    void NotifyNewAggregate() override;

  private:
    /**
     * \brief Ipv4L3ProtocolTestCase test case.
     * \relates Ipv4L3ProtocolTestCase
     */
    friend class ::Ipv4L3ProtocolTestCase;

    // class Ipv4 attributes
    void SetIpForward(bool forward) override;
    bool GetIpForward() const override;
    void SetWeakEsModel(bool model) override;
    bool GetWeakEsModel() const override;

    /**
     * \brief Decrease the identification value for a dropped or recursed packet
     * \param source source IPv4 address
     * \param destination destination IPv4 address
     * \param protocol L4 protocol
     */
    void DecreaseIdentification(Ipv4Address source, Ipv4Address destination, uint8_t protocol);

    /**
     * \brief Construct an IPv4 header.
     * \param source source IPv4 address
     * \param destination destination IPv4 address
     * \param protocol L4 protocol
     * \param payloadSize payload size
     * \param ttl Time to Live
     * \param tos Type of Service
     * \param mayFragment true if the packet can be fragmented
     * \return newly created IPv4 header
     */
    Ipv4Header BuildHeader(Ipv4Address source,
                           Ipv4Address destination,
                           uint8_t protocol,
                           uint16_t payloadSize,
                           uint8_t ttl,
                           uint8_t tos,
                           bool mayFragment);

    /**
     * \brief Send packet with route.
     * \param route route
     * \param packet packet to send
     * \param ipHeader IPv4 header to add to the packet
     */
    void SendRealOut(Ptr<Ipv4Route> route, Ptr<Packet> packet, const Ipv4Header& ipHeader);

    /**
     * \brief Forward a packet.
     * \param rtentry route
     * \param p packet to forward
     * \param header IPv4 header to add to the packet
     */
    void IpForward(Ptr<Ipv4Route> rtentry, Ptr<const Packet> p, const Ipv4Header& header);

    /**
     * \brief Forward a multicast packet.
     * \param mrtentry route
     * \param p packet to forward
     * \param header IPv4 header to add to the packet
     */
    void IpMulticastForward(Ptr<Ipv4MulticastRoute> mrtentry,
                            Ptr<const Packet> p,
                            const Ipv4Header& header);

    /**
     * \brief Deliver a packet.
     * \param p packet delivered
     * \param ip IPv4 header
     * \param iif input interface packet was received
     */
    void LocalDeliver(Ptr<const Packet> p, const Ipv4Header& ip, uint32_t iif);

    /**
     * \brief Fallback when no route is found.
     * \param p packet
     * \param ipHeader IPv4 header
     * \param sockErrno error number
     */
    void RouteInputError(Ptr<const Packet> p,
                         const Ipv4Header& ipHeader,
                         Socket::SocketErrno sockErrno);

    /**
     * \brief Add an IPv4 interface to the stack.
     * \param interface interface to add
     * \return index of newly added interface
     */
    uint32_t AddIpv4Interface(Ptr<Ipv4Interface> interface);

    /**
     * \brief Setup loopback interface.
     */
    void SetupLoopback();

    /**
     * \brief Get ICMPv4 protocol.
     * \return Icmpv4L4Protocol pointer
     */
    Ptr<Icmpv4L4Protocol> GetIcmp() const;

    /**
     * \brief Check if an IPv4 address is unicast.
     * \param ad address
     * \param interfaceMask the network mask
     * \return true if the address is unicast
     */
    bool IsUnicast(Ipv4Address ad, Ipv4Mask interfaceMask) const;

    /**
     * \brief Pair of a packet and an Ipv4 header.
     */
    typedef std::pair<Ptr<Packet>, Ipv4Header> Ipv4PayloadHeaderPair;

    /**
     * \brief Fragment a packet
     * \param packet the packet
     * \param ipv4Header the IPv4 header
     * \param outIfaceMtu the MTU of the interface
     * \param listFragments the list of fragments
     */
    void DoFragmentation(Ptr<Packet> packet,
                         const Ipv4Header& ipv4Header,
                         uint32_t outIfaceMtu,
                         std::list<Ipv4PayloadHeaderPair>& listFragments);

    /**
     * \brief Process a packet fragment
     * \param packet the packet
     * \param ipHeader the IP header
     * \param iif Input Interface
     * \return true is the fragment completed the packet
     */
    bool ProcessFragment(Ptr<Packet>& packet, Ipv4Header& ipHeader, uint32_t iif);

    /**
     * \brief Make a copy of the packet, add the header and invoke the TX trace callback
     * \param ipHeader the IP header that will be added to the packet
     * \param packet the packet
     * \param ipv4 the Ipv4 protocol
     * \param interface the IP-level interface index
     *
     * Note: If the TracedCallback API ever is extended, we could consider
     * to check for connected functions before adding the header
     */
    void CallTxTrace(const Ipv4Header& ipHeader,
                     Ptr<Packet> packet,
                     Ptr<Ipv4> ipv4,
                     uint32_t interface);

    /**
     * \brief Container of the IPv4 Interfaces.
     */
    typedef std::vector<Ptr<Ipv4Interface>> Ipv4InterfaceList;
    /**
     * \brief Container of NetDevices registered to IPv4 and their interface indexes.
     */
    typedef std::map<Ptr<const NetDevice>, uint32_t> Ipv4InterfaceReverseContainer;
    /**
     * \brief Container of the IPv4 Raw Sockets.
     */
    typedef std::list<Ptr<Ipv4RawSocketImpl>> SocketList;

    /**
     * \brief Container of the IPv4 L4 keys: protocol number, interface index
     */
    typedef std::pair<int, int32_t> L4ListKey_t;

    /**
     * \brief Container of the IPv4 L4 instances.
     */
    typedef std::map<L4ListKey_t, Ptr<IpL4Protocol>> L4List_t;

    bool m_ipForward;               //!< Forwarding packets (i.e. router mode) state.
    bool m_weakEsModel;             //!< Weak ES model state
    L4List_t m_protocols;           //!< List of transport protocol.
    Ipv4InterfaceList m_interfaces; //!< List of IPv4 interfaces.
    Ipv4InterfaceReverseContainer
        m_reverseInterfacesContainer; //!< Container of NetDevice / Interface index associations.
    uint8_t m_defaultTtl;             //!< Default TTL
    std::map<std::pair<uint64_t, uint8_t>, uint16_t>
        m_identification; //!< Identification (for each {src, dst, proto} tuple)
    Ptr<Node> m_node;     //!< Node attached to stack.

    /// Trace of sent packets
    TracedCallback<const Ipv4Header&, Ptr<const Packet>, uint32_t> m_sendOutgoingTrace;
    /// Trace of unicast forwarded packets
    TracedCallback<const Ipv4Header&, Ptr<const Packet>, uint32_t> m_unicastForwardTrace;
    /// Trace of multicast forwarded packets
    TracedCallback<const Ipv4Header&, Ptr<const Packet>, uint32_t> m_multicastForwardTrace;
    /// Trace of locally delivered packets
    TracedCallback<const Ipv4Header&, Ptr<const Packet>, uint32_t> m_localDeliverTrace;

    // The following two traces pass a packet with an IP header
    /// Trace of transmitted packets
    /// \deprecated The non-const \c Ptr<Ipv4> argument is deprecated
    /// and will be changed to \c Ptr<const Ipv4> in a future release.
    TracedCallback<Ptr<const Packet>, Ptr<Ipv4>, uint32_t> m_txTrace;
    /// Trace of received packets
    /// \deprecated The non-const \c Ptr<Ipv4> argument is deprecated
    /// and will be changed to \c Ptr<const Ipv4> in a future release.
    TracedCallback<Ptr<const Packet>, Ptr<Ipv4>, uint32_t> m_rxTrace;
    // <ip-header, payload, reason, ifindex> (ifindex not valid if reason is DROP_NO_ROUTE)
    /// Trace of dropped packets
    /// \deprecated The non-const \c Ptr<Ipv4> argument is deprecated
    /// and will be changed to \c Ptr<const Ipv4> in a future release.
    TracedCallback<const Ipv4Header&, Ptr<const Packet>, DropReason, Ptr<Ipv4>, uint32_t>
        m_dropTrace;

    Ptr<Ipv4RoutingProtocol> m_routingProtocol; //!< Routing protocol associated with the stack

    SocketList m_sockets; //!< List of IPv4 raw sockets.

    /// Key identifying a fragmented packet
    typedef std::pair<uint64_t, uint32_t> FragmentKey_t;

    /// Container for fragment timeouts.
    typedef std::list<std::tuple<Time, FragmentKey_t, Ipv4Header, uint32_t>>
        FragmentsTimeoutsList_t;
    /// Container Iterator for fragment timeouts..
    typedef std::list<std::tuple<Time, FragmentKey_t, Ipv4Header, uint32_t>>::iterator
        FragmentsTimeoutsListI_t;

    /**
     * \brief Process the timeout for packet fragments
     * \param key representing the packet fragments
     * \param ipHeader the IP header of the original packet
     * \param iif Input Interface
     */
    void HandleFragmentsTimeout(FragmentKey_t key, Ipv4Header& ipHeader, uint32_t iif);

    /**
     * \brief Set a new timeout "event" for a fragmented packet
     * \param key the fragment identification
     * \param ipHeader the IPv4 header of the fragmented packet
     * \param iif input interface of the packet
     * \return an iterator to the inserted "event"
     */
    FragmentsTimeoutsListI_t SetTimeout(FragmentKey_t key, Ipv4Header ipHeader, uint32_t iif);

    /**
     * \brief Handles a fragmented packet timeout
     */
    void HandleTimeout();

    FragmentsTimeoutsList_t m_timeoutEventList; //!< Timeout "events" container

    EventId m_timeoutEvent; //!< Event for the next scheduled timeout

    /**
     * \brief A Set of Fragment belonging to the same packet (src, dst, identification and proto)
     */
    class Fragments : public SimpleRefCount<Fragments>
    {
      public:
        /**
         * \brief Constructor.
         */
        Fragments();

        /**
         * \brief Add a fragment.
         * \param fragment the fragment
         * \param fragmentOffset the offset of the fragment
         * \param moreFragment the bit "More Fragment"
         */
        void AddFragment(Ptr<Packet> fragment, uint16_t fragmentOffset, bool moreFragment);

        /**
         * \brief If all fragments have been added.
         * \returns true if the packet is entire
         */
        bool IsEntire() const;

        /**
         * \brief Get the entire packet.
         * \return the entire packet
         */
        Ptr<Packet> GetPacket() const;

        /**
         * \brief Get the complete part of the packet.
         * \return the part we have comeplete
         */
        Ptr<Packet> GetPartialPacket() const;

        /**
         * \brief Set the Timeout iterator.
         * \param iter The iterator.
         */
        void SetTimeoutIter(FragmentsTimeoutsListI_t iter);

        /**
         * \brief Get the Timeout iterator.
         * \returns The iterator.
         */
        FragmentsTimeoutsListI_t GetTimeoutIter();

      private:
        /**
         * \brief True if other fragments will be sent.
         */
        bool m_moreFragment;

        /**
         * \brief The current fragments.
         */
        std::list<std::pair<Ptr<Packet>, uint16_t>> m_fragments;

        /**
         * \brief Timeout iterator to "event" handler
         */
        FragmentsTimeoutsListI_t m_timeoutIter;
    };

    /// Container of fragments, stored as pairs(src+dst addr, src+dst port) / fragment
    typedef std::map<FragmentKey_t, Ptr<Fragments>> MapFragments_t;

    MapFragments_t m_fragments;       //!< Fragmented packets.
    Time m_fragmentExpirationTimeout; //!< Expiration timeout

    /// IETF RFC 6621, Section 6.2 de-duplication w/o IPSec
    /// RFC 6621 recommended duplicate packet tuple: {IPV hash, IP protocol, IP source address, IP
    /// destination address}
    typedef std::tuple<uint64_t, uint8_t, Ipv4Address, Ipv4Address> DupTuple_t;
    /// Maps packet duplicate tuple to expiration time
    typedef std::map<DupTuple_t, Time> DupMap_t;

    /**
     * Registers duplicate entry, return false if new
     * \param [in] p Possibly duplicate packet.
     * \param [in] header Packet \pname{p} header.
     * \return True if this packet is a duplicate
     */
    bool UpdateDuplicate(Ptr<const Packet> p, const Ipv4Header& header);
    /**
     * Remove expired duplicates packet entry
     */
    void RemoveDuplicates();

    bool m_enableDpd;   //!< Enable multicast duplicate packet detection
    DupMap_t m_dups;    //!< map of packet duplicate tuples to expiry event
    Time m_expire;      //!< duplicate entry expiration delay
    Time m_purge;       //!< time between purging expired duplicate entries
    EventId m_cleanDpd; //!< event to cleanup expired duplicate entries

    Ipv4RoutingProtocol::UnicastForwardCallback m_ucb;   ///< Unicast forward callback
    Ipv4RoutingProtocol::MulticastForwardCallback m_mcb; ///< Multicast forward callback
    Ipv4RoutingProtocol::LocalDeliverCallback m_lcb;     ///< Local delivery callback
    Ipv4RoutingProtocol::ErrorCallback m_ecb;            ///< Error callback
};

} // Namespace ns3

#endif /* IPV4_L3_PROTOCOL_H */
